《Cultural Heritage》SectionⅢ PPT
第一部分內(nèi)容：語法精講
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
課前自主領(lǐng)悟
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
1．(教材P4)There comes a time ___________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future．
2．(教材P4)After listening to the scientists ___________ had studied the problem, and citizens ___________ lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959．
3．(教材P4)Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place ___________they were safe from the water．
4．(教材P8)Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time ___________ people travelled the Silk Road．
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Cultural Heritage PPT，第二部分內(nèi)容：課堂要點精析
定語從句的種類
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞之間關(guān)系的緊密程度，我們將定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。
1．限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，兩者之間不用逗號分開；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why。
◆This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday．
這是他昨天為兒子買的電腦。
◆The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy’s English teacher．
在地震中幸存的那個女人是埃米的英語老師。
◆I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise．
我隔壁住著一對夫婦，他們的孩子經(jīng)常吵鬧。
2．非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切，只是對先行詞或主句做些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞與引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞略有不同。除that和why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句外，其他都可以。
◆He is English, which I know from his accent．
他是英國人，那是我通過他的口音知道的。
◆I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth．
我聽到了一個可怕的聲音，這使我非常害怕。
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的用法比較
1．形式不同
限制性定語從句和主句之間沒有逗號；非限制性定語從句必須用逗號與主句隔開。
◆Here is the man who has been punished by the boss．
這就是那個被老板懲罰的人。(限制性定語從句)
◆The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion．
這個工程歷時三年，耗資多達十億美元。(非限制性定語從句)
2．先行詞不同
限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是整個主句。試比較：
◆This is the best novel that I have ever read．
這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的小說。(限制性定語從句，先行詞是novel)
◆The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting．
我昨天晚上看過那部小說了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定語從句，先行詞為novel)
◆The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited．
那部小說很有意思，這讓我很興奮。(非限制性定語從句，which指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容)
3．關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同
(1)that, why不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指物時要用which代替that, for which代替why
◆Most people didn’t vote for him, which disappointed him．
大多數(shù)人沒有投票支持他，這使他感到失望。
◆I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind．
我已經(jīng)告訴了他們我改變主意的原因。
(2)關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
①關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用who代替，但在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用who代替。
◆This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about．
這就是我們正在談?wù)摰哪莻�人。(限制性定語從句)
◆The old woman has three sons, whom she is proud of．
這位老婦人有三個引以為豪的兒子。(非限制性定語從句)
②在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時可以用that引導(dǎo)，但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞只能用who或whom。
◆She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher．
她有一個弟弟，他是一名英語老師。
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關(guān)鍵詞：人教版高中英語必修二PPT課件免費下載，Cultural Heritage PPT下載，.PPT格式；
