人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修二《Music》Discovering Useful Structures PPT教學(xué)課件，共149頁(yè)。
Grammar
Express feelings and describe situations
Look at the following sentences and underline the past participles. Find more of them in the text. In pairs，discuss their functions.
1 Born in the USA on 2 January 1970，Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2 Moved by this music，he said，“It was like seeing color for the first time.”
Match the sentence halves and rewrite each sentence beginning with a past participle.
1 Painted in dark colours，the room needed some bright lights.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
2 Unemployed，Dave had time to consider what job he really wanted.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
3 Moved by his romantic words，the girl accepted his gift.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
4 Corrected by his teacher from time to time，he lost interest in singing.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
5 Recorded in a new way，the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
6 Invited to perform on the stage，he felt nervous and excited.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
單元語(yǔ)法
過去分詞作表語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)
1 過去分詞作表語(yǔ)
（1）過去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞 be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become 等之后作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的情緒或狀態(tài)。
Please remain seated；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.請(qǐng)繼續(xù)坐著，獎(jiǎng)品的獲得者很快就會(huì)宣布。 ［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］
（2）過去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別
“be+ 過去分詞”表示狀態(tài)時(shí)，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)分詞通常已形容詞化；表示動(dòng)作時(shí)，是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者由介詞 by 引出。
Brian was relaxed when he was sitting on the sofa and watching TV.布賴恩坐在沙發(fā)上看電視時(shí)感到很放松。
The whole city was destroyed by the terrible disaster.整個(gè)城市被可怕的災(zāi)難摧毀了。 ［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］
（3）英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的使令動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，
即“令人……的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，即“感到……的”，多用來修飾人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有：
They were shocked to know that some people died of the unknown
disease. 得知一些人死于這種未知的疾病，他們感到震驚。 ［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］
Although the little girl was frightened，she answered in a calm voice.
雖然小女孩很害怕，但她還是用平靜的聲音回答。
【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】
有些使令動(dòng)詞，如 dress，seat，absorb 等，其過去分詞無論作定語(yǔ)還是表語(yǔ)，都無被動(dòng)的意味。因?yàn)?dress oneself in 等于 be dressed in；seat oneself on 等于 be seated on；absorb oneself in 等于 be absorbed in，這種現(xiàn)象緣于反身代詞的用法：主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)同為一人，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的
發(fā)出者，又是動(dòng)作的承受者，這就出現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或過去分詞不表
示“被動(dòng)”的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。
2 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）在句中作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、條件、方式或伴隨、讓步、原因等。
（1）表示時(shí)間 過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
Asked why he did it（=When he was asked why he did it），the monitor said it was his duty.當(dāng)被問到他為什么這么做時(shí)，班長(zhǎng)說這是他的職責(zé)。
（2）表示條件 過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
Given better attention（=If it were given better attention），the accident could have been avoided.如果當(dāng)時(shí)多加注意，事故本來是可以避免的。
（3）表示方式或伴隨 過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作方式狀語(yǔ)或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)并列句。
The patient got off the bed，（and he was）supported by the nurse.那個(gè)病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。
（4）表示讓步 過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Encouraged by his parents（=Although he was encouraged...），he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 盡管受到了父母的鼓勵(lì)，他仍然沒有信心克服困難。 ［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］
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