外研版高中英語必修三《The world of science》SectionB PPT課件，共13頁。
Vocabulary
1. beyond
beyond one's control超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制
beyond one's imagination 超乎某人的想象
beyond expression 無法表達(dá)
beyond description 無法形容
beyond belief令人難以置信
beyond one's power 超出某人的權(quán)力范圍
beyond compare 無與倫比
練習(xí)：The scenery along the lake is beautiful __________________ (無法形容).
2. significant
significance n. 重要性，意義
be of great/much significance 重要的，有重大意義的
be of no/little significance 無關(guān)緊要的
have great/no significance (for. . . ) （對……）很重要/不重要
attach (great) significance to. . . （非常）重視……
練習(xí)：Something _____________ (significance) is happening to the world population — it is aging.
3. origin
the origin of. . . ……的起源/起因
in origin 在來源上
have one's origins in. . . 起源于……
by origin 籍貫
original adj. 原來的，起初的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的
originally adv. 原來，起初
originate vi.起源，發(fā)端于；vt. 創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)建
練習(xí)：The jeans today have changed very slightly from their __________ (origin) design.
4. cure
a cure for. . . ……的療法／措施
cure sth. 治好……疾病
cure sb. 治好某人
cure sb. of sth. 使某人從某種疾病中痊愈
練習(xí)：Medical research often makes use ________ the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures _______ certain diseases.
Grammar
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下面幾種情況一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
1.不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。
Such books have been written for children.
已經(jīng)為兒童編寫這類書籍了。
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
All these products have been tested. 這些產(chǎn)品都經(jīng)過測試了。
3.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很模糊。
The letter has been opened. 這封信被人拆開了。
4.有時(shí)為了禮貌的需要，避免說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
They have been told many times not to make noises.
已經(jīng)有人多次跟他們說別那么大聲了。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成是：have/has been done。但在不同的句式中，其具體形式也有所不同。
1.肯定句形式：主語＋have/has been done (+其他).
The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.
黃河上的這座橋剛剛建成。
The plan has been studied by the experts last month.
這個(gè)計(jì)劃在上個(gè)月已經(jīng)由專家研究過了。
2.否定句形式：主語＋have/has not been done (+其他).
They haven't been told the exciting news yet, have they?
還沒有人告訴他們這個(gè)令人激動(dòng)的消息，是嗎？
The second-hand car has not been sold. 這輛二手汽車還沒有被賣出去。
3.一般疑問句形式
Have/Has+主語+ been done (+其他)?
－Has her work been finished? 她的工作完成了嗎？
－Yes, it has. 是的，完成了。
4.特殊疑問句形式
特殊疑問詞＋have/has+主語＋been done (+其他)?
How long has the machine been used? 這臺(tái)機(jī)器使用多久了？
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